I think, today’s just the ordinary day, when I wash up in the morning and have my favorite breakfast, then call my friends to check up and have a morning dialog….

but, today’s not just the same…

it’s a test day!!!

I don’t know if it’s kind of habit or something, but actually, if I’ll have a test on a day, I always feel like, “OH MY GOD, AN EARTHQUAKE WILL DESTROY MY CITY!”

yeah, kinda… But anyway, to anticipate that, I usually study hard!

yes, a girl like AULIA TIARA do study!

So, I studied until midnight, then go to bed with a kinda hope for tomorrow.

Then, tomorrow’s come *it’s today, for sure. I’m kinda starving when I’m doing the exam. But still I do it hardly and desperately, of course…

But, guess -> I got 8!!

Well, not bad, isn’t it??

Not bad, not standard, just make me more chill

Casts:    Blake Lively    as Serena van der Woodsen, Leighton Meester as Blair Warldrof, Chace Crawford as Nate, Penn Badgley as Dan Humprey.

It’s a great serial drama tv!

Love the casts, they’re so adorable, they play it well!

The story is about a glamor people with a lot of damage, love story, and hardwork! If you a fan of romantic drama serial, must watch!

Natalie Portman (Hebrew: נטלי פורטמן‎; born June 9, 1981) is a Golden Globe-winning, Academy Award-nominated Israeli-American actress. Portman began her career in the early 1990s, turning down the oppurtunity to become a child model in favor of acting. Her first role came in the 1994 independent film Leon: The Professional, however her breakout role did not come until she was cast Padmé Amidala in the Star Wars prequel trilogy.

In 2005, Portman recieved an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress for her critically acclaimed performance in the art house drama Closer. She divides her roles between mainstream films such as V for Vendetta and art house films such as Garden State.

Early life

Portman was born Natalie Hershlag (Hebrew: נטלי הרשלג‎) in Jerusalem, Israel.[1][2] Her father, Avner Hershlag, is an Israeli doctor specializing in fertility and reproduction (reproductive endocrinology).[3][4] Her mother, Shelley Stevens, is an American homemaker who now works as her agent.[3] Portman’s maternal ancestors were Jews from Austria and Russia and her paternal ancestors were Jews who immigrated to Israel from Poland and Romania. Her grandfather’s parents died in Auschwitz and her Romanian-born great-grandmother was a spy for the British during World War II.[5]

Portman’s parents met at a Jewish student center at Ohio State University where her mother was selling tickets. Her father returned to Israel, but the two corresponded and were married when her mother visited Israel a few years later. In 1984, when Portman was three years old, the family moved from Israel to the United States, where her father pursued his medical training. The family first lived in Washington, D.C., where she attended Charles E. Smith Jewish Day School, but relocated to Connecticut in 1988, and then settled permanently in Syosset, New York, in 1990.[6] Portman has said that although she “really love[s] the States… my heart’s in Jerusalem. That’s where I feel at home”.[5] She is an only child and very close to her parents, who are often seen with her at her film premieres.

Education

Portman was a straight-A student.[7] “I’d rather be smart than be a movie star,”[8] she told an interviewer. Although she says her family was not religious,[9] she attended a Jewish elementary school, the Solomon Schechter Day School of Glen Cove, New York. She graduated from a public high school, Syosset High School.[6] Portman reportedly skipped the premiere of Star Wars: Episode I so she could study for her high school final exams

In June 2003, Portman graduated from Harvard University with a bachelor’s degree in psychology, and pursued graduate studies at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in the spring of 2004.[9] At Harvard, Portman was Alan Dershowitz’s research assistant (he thanks her in The Case for Israel). She was also a research assistant in a psychology lab, and in March 2006, appeared as a guest lecturer at a Columbia University course in terrorism and counterterrorism, where she spoke about her film V for Vendetta.[11] In addition to being bilingual in Hebrew and English, Portman has studiedFrench,[Japanese, German and Arabic.

As a student, Portman co-authored two research papers which were published in professional scientific journals. Her 1998 high school paper on the "Enzymatic Production of Hydrogen" was entered in the Intel Science Talent Search In 2002, she contributed to a study on memory called "Frontal Lobe Activation During Object Permanence" during her psychology studies at Harvard.

Early career

Portman started dancing lessons at the age of four.[6] She performed in local troupes, and dreamed of dancing on Broadway. At the age of ten, Portman was discovered in a Long Island pizza parlor by an agent for Revlon, who offered her an opportunity to model.[7][6] She turned down the opportunity in favor of acting. In a magazine interview, Portman said: “I was definitely different from the other kids. I was more ambitious, I knew what I liked and what I wanted, and I worked very hard. I was a very serious kid.”[19]

As a child, Portman spent her school holidays attending theater camps. When she was ten, she auditioned for Ruthless! about a girl who is prepared to commit murder to get the lead in a school play. She was chosen as the understudy for Britney Spears.[9] In 1994, she auditioned for Luc Besson’s film Léon (aka The Professional). She was initially turned down, but through further auditioning won the part. Soon after getting the part, she took “Portman”, her grandmother’s maiden name, as her stage name, in the interest of privacy;[6] in the Director’s Cut of the film found on DVD she is credited as Natalie Hershlag. In the film, Portman plays an orphaned girl who befriends a much older assassin. Léon opened on November 18, 1994, and marked her feature film debut at age 13. That same year she appeared in the short film Developing, which aired on television. Starting at age thirteen, Portman spent her school holidays attending upscale theater camps Stagedoor Manor and Usdan Camp, where she fell in love with acting, playing roles in camp productions such as the title character in Anne of Green Gables, Dream Laurey in Oklahoma!, and Hermia in A Midsummer Night’s Dream.[citation needed]

1995–1999

During the mid-1990s, Portman had roles in the films Heat, Everyone Says I Love You, and Mars Attacks!, as well as a major role in Beautiful Girls.[6] She was also the first choice to play Juliet in William Shakespeare’s Romeo + Juliet, but producers felt her age wasn’t suitable enough.[7] In 1997, Portman played the role of Anne Frank in a Broadway adaptation of The Diary of Anne Frank. She initially turned down the lead role in the film Anywhere But Here, after learning it would involve a sex scene, but director Wayne Wang and actress Susan Sarandon demanded a rewrite of the script; Portman was shown a new draft, and she joined the project.[6] The film opened in late 1999, and she received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Ann August. Critic Mary Elizabeth Williams of Salon commented on Portman’s performance:[21]
“ Sarandon is good, but Portman is astonishing. Unlike any number of actresses her age, she’s neither too maudlin nor too plucky. Her Ann is both a petulant wet blanket and a thoughtful, painfully lonely girl fumbling to find herself. Portman knows her character is the soul of the story, and she isn’t overreaching about it. She portrays Ann’s angst quietly, using her wide, expressive face to convey little ripples of frustration and exasperation. She’s the counterpoint to Sarandon’s bravado, and she keeps the film from becoming a hammy, anything-you-can-cry-I-can-cry-harder diva fest. ”

In the late 1990s, Portman was cast as Padmé Amidala in the Star Wars prequel trilogy, and in early 1999, Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace opened and became the highest grossing film of the year and the second highest grossing film out of the Star Wars series.[citation needed] Its massive audience and mainstream appeal made Portman an instant star.[6] Portman then signed on to play the lead role of a persevering teenaged mother in Where the Heart Is.

2000–2005

After filming Where the Heart Is, Portman moved into the dorms of Harvard University to pursue her bachelor’s degree in psychology.[6] She said in a 1999 interview that, with the exception of the Star Wars prequels, she would not act for the next four years in order to concentrate on studying.

During the summer break, from June to September 2000, Portman filmed Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones in Sydney, including additional production in London. In July 2001, Portman opened in New York City’s Public Theater production of Chekhov’s The Seagull, directed by Mike Nichols, playing the role of Nina alongside Meryl Streep, Kevin Kline, and Philip Seymour Hoffman. The play opened at the Delacorte Theater in Central Park. That same year, she was one of many celebrities who made cameo appearances in the comedy Zoolander. In 2002, the film opened around the world. Portman was cast in a small role in the film Cold Mountain alongside Jude Law and Nicole Kidman.

In 2004, Portman appeared in the independent movies Garden State and Closer.Garden State was an official selection of the Sundance Film Festival, and won Best First Feature at the Independent Spirit Awards. Her performance as Alice in Closer saw Portman win a Supporting Actress Golden Globe as well as a Best Supporting Actress Oscar nomination.[citation needed]

2005 saw the worldwide release of the final Star Wars prequel, Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith on May 19. The film was the highest grossing film of the year, and was voted Favorite Motion Picture at the People’s Choice Awards. Shortly before the film’s opening, Portman shaved her head for her role in the film adaptation of Alan Moore’s graphic novel V for Vendetta, released in March 2006. Her shaved head was first seen publicly at the Revenge of the Sith premieres. “Making a dramatic change that isn’t reversible is always a worthy experience,” she said of the drastically different hairstyle, “and that sort of gave me the courage to do it.” She kept her hair short for most of 2005, had a fauxhawk, and briefly sported a full mohawk in late August, saying that it was “kind of wonderful to throw vanity away for a bit”. Also in 2005, Portman filmed Free Zone and legendary director Milos Forman’s Goya’s Ghosts. Forman hadn’t seen any of her work, but thought she looked like a Goya painting so he requested a meeting.[citation needed] During the filming of Goya’s Ghosts, she partied in Madrid with co-star Javier Bardem, but was largely unrecognized due to her mohawk.[citation needed]

2006–present

Portman appeared on Saturday Night Live on March 4, 2006, hosting the show with musical guest Fall Out Boy and special guest star Dennis Haysbert. In a now-famous SNL Digital Short,she portrays herself as an angry gangsta rapper (with Andy Samberg as her Flava Flav-esque partner in Viking garb) during a faux-interview with Chris Parnell, saying she cheated at Harvard University while high on pot and cocaine. In another sketch, she portrays a student named Rebecca Hershlag (her actual surname) attending a Bar Mitzvah, and in an installment of the recurring sketch The Needlers (also known as Sally and Dan, The Couple That Should Be Divorced), plays a fertility specialist (her father’s profession).
Portman promoting V for Vendetta at Comic Con 2005.
Portman promoting V for Vendetta at Comic Con 2005.

V for Vendetta opened in early 2006. Portman portrayed Evey Hammond, a young woman who is saved from the secret police by the main character, V. Portman worked with a voice coach for the role, learning to speak with an English accent, and had her head shaved. Maxim magazine named Portman #33 on its annual Hot 100 list, citing her V for Vendetta hairstyle as a huge accomplishment proving “you don’t need hair to be hot.”

Portman has commented on V for Vendetta’s political relevance, and mentioned that her character, who joins an underground anti-government group, is “often bad and does things that you don’t like” and that “Being from Israel was a reason I wanted to do this because terrorism and violence are such a daily part of my conversations since I was little.” She said the film “doesn’t make clear good or bad statements. It respects the audience enough to take away their own opinion”. Both Goya’s Ghosts and Free Zone received limited releases in 2006. Portman starred in the children’s film Mr. Magorium’s Wonder Emporium, which began filming in April 2006 and was released in November 2007; she has said that she was “excited to do a kids’ movie.” In late 2006, Portman filmed The Other Boleyn Girl, a historical drama in which she plays Anne Boleyn; Eric Bana and Scarlett Johansson will co-star in the film. She was also named one of the hottest women of film and TV by Blender Magazine.

Filmed and screened in 2006 was Wong Kar-wai’s road movie My Blueberry Nights. Portman won acclaim for her role as gambler Leslie
“ It’s not until Portman shows up that you’ll find the sort of sizzle and sympathy Wong cooks up with ease in his best films.

Natalie Portman — Best Actress? Yup. For once she’s not playing a waif or a child princess but a mature, full-bodied woman, probably a decade older than Portman is (25). She looks great, in a blond rinse and come-hither outfits, but she’s not coasting on her looks; they are only accoutrements to Leslie’s natural salesmanship. She uses her appeal to simultaneously flirt with and taunt the gambler across the table….But the memory we’ll cherish is that of Portman’s vibrancy, grittiness and ache, all performed with a virtuosa’s easy assurance. She, not Jones, is the savory dish of movie magic in a mostly bland Blueberry Nights
”

Portman had a small role in the 18th season of The Simpsons as the voice of Bart Simpson’s love interest, Darcy, from a neighboring town She also appears in Paul McCartney’s music video “Dance Tonight” from his 2007 album “Memory Almost Full” directed by Michel Gondry.

Portman also has a cameo in the Wes Anderson film The Darjeeling Limited opposite Jason Schwartzman, and will star opposite Tobey Maguire and Jake Gyllenhaal in the drama film Brothers, a remake of the 2004 Danish film of the same name

Barack Hussein Obama (pronounced /bəˈrɑːk huːˈseɪn oʊˈbɑːmə/[1]) (born August 4, 1961) is the junior United States Senator from Illinois and a leading candidate for the Democratic nomination in the 2008 presidential election.[2][3] The U.S. Senate Historical Office lists him as the fifth African American Senator in U.S. history, the third to have been popularly elected, and the only African American currently serving in the Senate.[4]

Obama was born in Honolulu to a Kenyan father and an American mother. He lived most of his early life in the U.S. state of Hawaii. From ages six to ten, he lived in Jakarta, Indonesia with his mother and Indonesian stepfather. A graduate of Columbia University and Harvard Law School, Obama worked as a community organizer, university lecturer, and civil rights lawyer before running for public office and serving in the Illinois Senate from 1997 to 2004. After an unsuccessful bid for a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives in 2000, he announced his campaign for U.S. Senate in 2003.

The following year, while still an Illinois state legislator, Obama delivered the keynote address at the 2004 Democratic National Convention.[5] He was elected to the U.S. Senate in November 2004 with 70% of the vote.[6] As a member of the Democratic minority in the 109th Congress, Obama co-sponsored legislation for controlling conventional weapons and for promoting transparency in public life; in addition, he made official trips to Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. In the 110th, and current, Congress, he has sponsored legislation on lobbying and electoral fraud, climate change, nuclear terrorism, and care for returned U.S. military personnel.

Since announcing his presidential campaign in February 2007, Obama has emphasized ending the Iraq War, increasing energy independence, and providing universal health care as major priorities.He married in 1992 and has two daughters. He has written two bestselling books: a memoir of his youth titled Dreams from My Father, and The Audacity of Hope, a personal commentary on U.S. politics.

With the reputation of being one of the most beautiful and diverse tourist spots in Asia, Bali annually attracts almost 1,000,000 visitors from around the world.

Geographically, Bali is situated between the islands of Java and Lombok. Bali is small, stretching approximately 140 km from east to west, and 80 km from north to south. The tallest of a string of volcanic mountains that run from the east to the west is Gunung Agung, which last erupted in 1963. Loacted just 8o south of the Equator, Bali boasts a tropical climate with just two seasons (wet and dry) a year with an average temperature of around 28oC. The wide and gently sloping southern regions play host to Bali’s famed rice terraces, which are among some of the most spectacular in the world. In the hilly, northern coastal regions, the main produce is coffee, copra, spices, vegetables, cattle and rice.

The Balinese have strong spiritual roots and despite the large influx of tourists over the years, their culture is still very much alive. The main religion is Agama Hindu Dharma, which, although originally from India, comprises of a unique blend of Hindu, Buddhist, Javanese and ancient indigenous beliefs; It is very different from the Hinduism practiced in India today.

Naturally creative, the Balinese have traditionally used their talents for religious purposes and most of the beautiful work to be seen here has been inspired by stories from the Ramayana and other Hindu epics.

The majority of Bali’s 3,000,000 people live, for the most part, in tight village communities with large extended families. The largest towns are Denpasar (the capital) and Singaraja in the north. The main tourist area stretches from Kuta to Seminyak. Kuta became a major attraction during the tourist boom of the 70’s because of its famed white-sand beaches, the surf, and stunning sunsets.

Today, the Kuta to Seminyak stretch is a major tourist destination, with hundreds of hotels, bars, restaurants and shops. Those in search of a little peace and quiet tend to head for the more sedate resorts of Sanur and Candi Dasa on the east coast, or Lovina in the north. Nusa Dua, on the southern-most peninsula of the island, houses many five-star hotels. The central village of Ubud, in the hilly region of Gianyar, has also blossomed as a tourist attraction and is now considered to be the artistic and cultural centre of Bali.

Artistically, Bali is a melting pot of cultures and traditions. The Balinese have a natural capacity for absorbing different cultural elements and blend them with their own, to produce dynamic new hybrids. Over the years, Bali has been the recipient of numerous influences; Chinese, Buddhist, Indian, Hindu, Javanese, and most recently, Western. For centuries, artists and craftsmen in Bali worked under the patronage of the priests and ruling classes, decorating palaces and temples. The artists themselves never signed their work and usually lived close together in artists’ ‘villages’.

Generally the artists did not have much room for personal expression, as their designs followed strict aesthetic and religious guidelines. With the arrival of European artists at the start of this century, this soon began to change, and local artists started developing their own individual styles.

TEMPLES – COASTAL

Tanah Lot – Southwest Bali, Tabanan regency. Built on a large rock, cut off from the mainland at high tide, this is one of Bali’s most spectacular sunset sights.
Uluwatu – South Bali on Bukit Badung. This cliff-top temple, dedicated to the spirits of the sea, has spectacular views and is popular for viewing sunsets. During the Galungan festival, people from all over the island travel here to worship.
Pura Jayaprana – Northwest Bali. Superb views of Menjangan Island and the surrounding coral reefs can be seen from this temple.
Pura Rambut Siwi - Southwest Bali, (10km from Medewi). Another cliff top temple with views of Java and on a clear day, Mt. Bromo. Steps down the cliff from the temple lead to a black sand beach where one can swim.

TEMPLES – INLAND

Pura Besakih – Besakih, Karangasem regency Northeast Bali. Bali’s most important temple with great views of Mt. Agung. The temple complex houses over 80 shrines to the various gods and spirits.
Pura Luhur Batukau – Tabanan, South Bali. Dedicated to the god of Mt. Batukau, this temple is a small haven for flower and bird lovers.
Pura Yeh Gangga – near Mengwi, Tabanan.
Pura Ulun Danu Batur – near Batur village. The second most important temple after Besakih, housing more than 90 shrines. Worth visiting at any time of year, especially during the Odalan festival, usually in March depending on the full moon, which is dedicated to the goddess of the crater lake, who is said to control the irrigation systems for the entire island.
Pura Ulun Danu Bratan – near Bedugul. This temple has several shrines, which are located on both the lake’s shore and on various small islets.

The following three temples are between Seribatu and Tampaksiring,
north of Ubud:

Pura Gunung Kawi – Set in a ravine in Tampaksiring, the temple ‘Candis’ are carved into the rock face. There are five Royal Tombs at the rear of the temple complex.
Pura Tirta Gunung Kawi – A water temple dedicated to the Rice Goddess. Near the temple grounds is a small spring-fed lake with sacred goldfish, which are said to be the guardians of the Spirit of the spring.
Pura Tirtha Empul – Considered the holiest spring in Bali, this temple is frequently visited by Balinese seeking mental cleansing and physical healing.
Brahma Vihara Ashrama Buddhist Monastery – near Lovina. (Combine with a visit to Banjar Tega Hot Springs). The largest Buddhist monastery in Bali, set in beautiful surroundings.

CAVES

Goa Gajah or Elephant Cave – near Teges, Gianyar regency. Dating from the 11th century, there are conflicting opinions as to whether this cave was originally a Buddhist or a Hindu hermitage. Although not very large, it boasts some interesting carvings.
Goa Lawah or Bat Cave – Klungkung regency. Famous for the thousands of fruit bats that live here, this can be an interesting, if pungent, experience.
Goa Karang Sari – on Nusa Penida Island, Southeast of Bali. This cave extends over 200 meters into the hillside and during the Galungan festival hosts a torchlight procession and various ceremonies.

PALACES

Puri Semara Pura – Klungkung. A palace dedicated to the god of love, this palace was home to the kings of Klungkung. Although only two pavilions and the entrance gate remain, the hall of justice, Bale Kerta Gosa, is worth seeing for its beautifully painted ceiling and carved pillars.
Puri Pemecutan – Denpasar.

WATER PALACES

Taman Ujung Water Palace – near Amlapura, East Bali.
Set in a beautifully landscaped park, the ruins of this palace are a tribute to the slightly eccentric designs of King Anak Agung Ngurah.
Puri Agung Kanginan – Karangasem, Amlapura. Built from a hotchpotch of different styles, including Chinese, European and Javanese, this place is fascinating architecturally; a monument to the Balinese ability to blend outside influences into their own culture.

Tirtha Gangga Royal Bathing Pools – near Amlapura, Karangasem regency. Great views of both Mt. Agung and the Lombok Strait. This palace was damaged during the 1963 eruption of Mt. Agung, but the pools still function and can be taken advantage of, for a small fee.

VILLAGES

Asak – near Amlapura, East Bali – Traditional costumes, stone carvings and woven crafts.
Bungaya – near Amlapura, East

Bali – As in Asak, this village specializes in traditional arts and crafts.
Krambitan – near Tabanan - Specializes in bamboo instruments and music.
Negara – West Bali – Famous for bull races.
Sawan – near Singaraja, North Central Bali

- A picturesque village where Gamelan instruments are made.
Tenganan – A Bali Aga village renowned as

a centre for weaving. The only place in Indonesia where ‘geringsing’ cloth is made. (See Arts & Artists chapter – extract on ‘Textiles’)
Trunyan – on the shores of Lake Batur, Nor

theast Bali – An original Bali Aga village set in a fantastic landscape

LAKES

Lake Batur – Mt. Batur, Bangli regency. The largest lake in Bali and home to the goddess Danu, this lake lies within the crater of Mt. Batur.
Lake Bratan – Mt. Catur near Bedugul. Location of the superb Ulun Danu Temple, this lake offers both superb scenery, and water

sports such as jet skiing for the more adventurous.
Lakes Buyan and Tamblingan – Mt. Lesong in Buleleng province. Less visited, these lakes offer great walks and the chance of a littl

e solitude for those wishing to escape the hustle and bustle of the tourist scene.

Yesterday… Today… Tomorrow,, what will be happen in our planet??

We don’t know, but we know if we still wear disposable clothes, kill animal and forest cruelly, wear animals fur, kill the ozone, we’ll make sure that will be a disaster in our planet that will destroy us too…

So, here are 10 things we can do to save our planet!

1) Don’t use disposable and not recyclable product!

2) Own and use your bike. If you want to go to market or some places near your house, use it!

3) Buy the less packaging product! Because the less packaging will save much energy in the making.

4) Change your light bulbs with fluorescent bulbs. If you do this to the entire part of your house, it will save much energy and money!

5) Choose flat screen monitor!

6) Choose organic product! Because it’s more healthy and use less energy in the making.

7) Finish your food! In fact, food is one of the biggest trashes.

Always bring your cloth bag when you’re shopping instead of still use plastic bag.

9) Join the organization! Why? Cause it will get you more active and involved with green activities. Join with organization like WWF, Greenpeace, or Walhi.

10) Tell people how the situation now and let them involve in this Green Action!

Yup, that’s all!

Do it, and see the difference!

These are the steps to make brownie cookie!

Ingredients:

• 250 ml of flour

• ¼ teaspoon of baking soda

• 50 ml of butter

   

• 150 ml of sugar

• 75 ml of cocoa powder

• 50 ml of brown sugar

   

   

• 50 ml of sour milk

• 1 teaspoon of vanilla

• 1 spoon of powder sugar

   

   

   

• 1 can of not-stick cooking spray

Steps:

1) Mix the flour with the baking soda

2) Melt the butter on the pan, then lift it from the stove

3) Pour the sugar, cocoa powder, and brown sugar. Then pour the sour milk and vanilla. Then mix it with the mixed flour-baking soda. Stir it.

4) Then, close the pan and put it in the refrigerator in 1 hour.

5) Spray the non-stick cooking spray into the baking dish. This spray is 100% fat free.

6) Pour the batter, then shape it circle.

7) Put the bashing dish in the oven. Set the temperature in 180 degrees at between 8-10 minutes

.

Nearly all cancers are caused by abnormalities in the genetic material of the transformed cells. These abnormalities may be due to the effects of carcinogens, such as tobacco smoke, radiation, chemicals, or infectious agents. Other cancer-promoting genetic abnormalities may be randomly acquired through errors in DNA replication, or are inherited, and thus present in all cells from birth. Complex interactions between carcinogens and the host genome may explain why only some develop cancer after exposure to a known carcinogen. New aspects of the genetics of cancer pathogenesis, such as DNA methylation, and micro RNAs are increasingly being recognized as important.

Genetic abnormalities found in cancer typically affect two general classes of genes. Cancer-promoting oncogenes are often activated in cancer cells, giving those cells new properties, such as hyperactive growth and division, protection against programmed cell death, loss of respect for normal tissue boundaries, and the ability to become established in diverse tissue environments. Tumor suppressor genes are often inactivated in cancer cells, resulting in the loss of normal functions in those cells, such as accurate DNA replication, control over the cell cycle, orientation and adhesion within tissues, and interaction with protective cells of the immune system.

Cancer is usually classified according to the tissue from which the cancerous cells originate, as well as the normal cell type they most resemble. These are location and histology, respectively. A definitive diagnosis usually requires the histologic examination of a tissue biopsy specimen by a pathologist, although the initial indication of malignancy can be symptoms or radiographic imaging abnormalities. Most cancers can be treated and some cured, depending on the specific type, location, and stage. Once diagnosed, cancer is usually treated with a combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. As research develops, treatments are becoming more specific for different varieties of cancer. There has been significant progress in the development of targeted therapy drugs that act specifically on detectable molecular abnormalities in certain tumors, and which minimize damage to normal cells. The prognosis of cancer patients is most influenced by the type of cancer, as well as the stage, or extent of the disease. In addition, histologic grading and the presence of specific molecular markers can also be useful in establishing prognosis, as well as in determining individual treatments.

Once upon a time, a queen was staring outside her window at the beautiful snow. It was because of her distracted state that she pricked her finger on her needle and a drop of blood promptly fell on some snow that had fallen on her windowsill. As she looked at the blood on the snow she said to herself, “Oh, how I wish that I had a daughter that had skin white as snow, lips red as blood, and hair black as ebony.” Soon after that, the queen gave birth to a baby girl who had skin white as snow, lips red as blood, and hair black as ebony. They named her Princess Snow White. The queen soon died, perhaps in childbirth.

Soon after, the king took a new wife who was beautiful, but very vain, and who possessed supernatural powers. She also possessed a magical mirror, to whom she would often ask, “Mirror, mirror on the wall, who is fairest of them all?” and to which the mirror would always reply, “’tis you”. But after Snow White became seven (which is the official age wherein a girl becomes a maiden) when she asked her mirror, it responded, “Queen, you are full fair, ’tis true, But Snow White is fairer than you.”

The Queen was jealous, and ordered a huntsman to take Snow White into the woods to be killed. She demanded that the huntsman return with Snow White’s heart as proof. The huntsman took Snow White into the forest, but found himself unable to kill the girl. Instead, he let her go, and brought the queen the heart of a young deer.

In the forest, Snow White discovered a tiny cottage belonging to seven dwarfs, where she rested. Meanwhile, the Queen asked her mirror once again, “Who’s the fairest of them all?”, and was horrified when the mirror told her that Snow White, who was alive and well and living with the dwarfs, was still the fairest of them all.
Three times the Queen disguised herself and visited the dwarfs’ cottage trying to kill Snow White. First, disguised as a peddler, the Queen offered colorful stay-laces and laced Snow White up so tight that she fainted, and the Queen took her for dead. Snow White was revived by the dwarfs when they loosened the laces. Next, the Queen dressed as a different old woman and combed Snow White’s hair with a poisoned comb. Snow White again collapsed, and again the dwarfs saved her. Lastly the Queen made a poisoned apple, and in the disguise of a countrywoman offered it to Snow White. She was hesitant, so the Queen cut the apple in half, ate the white part — which had no poison — and gave the poisoned red part to Snow White. She ate the apple eagerly and immediately fell into a deep stupor. When the dwarfs found her, they could not revive her, so they placed her in a glass coffin, thinking that she had died.

Time passed, and a prince traveling through the land saw Snow White in her coffin. The prince was enchanted by her beauty and instantly fell in love with her. He begged the dwarfs to let him have the coffin. The prince’s servants carried the coffin away. While doing so, they stumbled on some bushes and the movement caused the piece of poisoned apple to dislodge from Snow White’s throat, awakening her. The prince then declared his love and soon a wedding was planned.

 The vain Queen, still believing that Snow White was dead, again asked her mirror who was fairest in the land and yet again the mirror disappointed her by responding that, “You, my queen, are fair; it is true. But the young queen is a thousand times fairer than you.

Not knowing that this new queen was indeed her stepdaughter, she arrived at the wedding, and her heart filled with the deepest of dread when she realized the truth.
As punishment for her wicked ways, a pair of heated iron shoes were brought forth with tongs and placed before the Queen. She was then forced to step into these and dance until she fell down dead.